Does Texas use the discrepancy model?

Texas Guidelines for SLD Consistent with the federal guidelines, the Texas guidelines require formal documentation of the provision of adequate general education instruction. The Texas guidelines are also flexible, permitting either a process based on RTI or one based on a discrepancy model.

Which states do not use the discrepancy model?

The federal regulation requiring a severe discrepancy between intellectual ability and achievement appears in the SLD classifica- tion criteria for 48 of the 50 states. Only two states do not have the discrepancy requirement in their state rules (IA and LA).

Why is the severe discrepancy model no longer used?

When IDEA was reissued in 2004, it didn't require schools to use the discrepancy model any longer. The discrepancy model doesn't take into account all the factors that may affect a child's academic achievement. Response to intervention and the processing deficit approach are two alternatives to the discrepancy model.

Does Texas recognize dyslexia as a learning disability?

In Texas, children with dyslexia have historically been served outside of Special Education Programs in public schools under the category of 504. Dyslexia is a specific learning disability according to the IDEA—this is not new–the word “dyslexia” appears in the IDEA.

What is the difference between PSW and discrepancy model?

A pattern of strengths and weaknesses (PSW) is one approach for determining specific learning disabilities (SLD). As opposed to the old-school discrepancy model, which tells clinicians if a student is performing more poorly than expected, PSW seeks to determine why a student is performing more poorly.

🚨 Unraveling The Severe Discrepancy Model 🧩 #SpecialEducation #Evaluation

What is the problem with the discrepancy model?

To summarize, here are some concerns about the IQ-achievement discrepancy model: Assessments do not always discriminate between disabilities and the results of inadequate teaching. Students can be misidentified due to teacher or testing bias.

What is the rationale for replacing the discrepancy model with RTI?

RTI or 'Response To Intervention' is a new approach to the identification of a learning disability which is intended to alleviate the problems associated with the discrepancy model. With RTI, there is no need to formally evaluate cognitive abilities or academic achievement.

What is the new law for dyslexia in Texas?

The bill created a new TEC §29.0031 that now specifies that someone with specific knowledge of the reading process, dyslexia and related disorders, and dyslexia instruction must serve on the LEA's MDT when dyslexia is the suspected disability.

Does Texas have dyslexia laws?

Recent legislation includes the following: TEC §21.044(c)(2) outlines the curriculum requirement for teacher preparation programs to include the characteristics of dyslexia, identification of dyslexia, and multisensory strategies for teaching students with dyslexia.

Is dyslexia a 504 or IEP in Texas?

While eligibility under the Texas Dyslexia Law commonly creates eligibility under Section 504, eligibility under Section 504 is determined based on federal eligibility requirements and the analysis below.

What is the IQ range for SLD?

A Specific Learning Disorder will refer to all those whose difficulties satisfy the DSM - 5, and ICD-10 criteria - of significant and persistent academic underachievement that begin during school, including that of having a measured IQ of 70 and above.

Why is the discrepancy formula no longer used to determine if someone has learning disability?

Discrepancy formulas fail to identify children with learning disabilities who show no discrepancy between achievement and intelligence test scores. Discrepancy formulas have never been empirically validated.

What is the IQ of someone with a learning disability?

a) Learning disabilities are heterogeneous conditions, but are defined by 3 core criteria: lower intellectual ability (usually defined as an IQ of less than 70), significant impairment of social or adaptive functioning and onset in childhood. the DSM-IV term 'mental retardation' with 'intellectual disability'.

What is considered a severe discrepancy?

(a) A severe discrepancy is defined as a 50 percent or higher probability of a two standard deviation discrepancy between general cognitive ability and achievement in one or more of the areas identified in ARM 10.16.

What are some issues with the discrepancy model and wait to fail methods?

The major concerns of this group are that IQ tests are a poor index of intelligence, that the IQ–discrepancy approach is a “wait-to-fail” model since students must perform poorly for years before achievement scores are sufficiently below their IQ scores, and that low achievement for many students is actually caused by ...

Are states free to prohibit discrepancy models from being used at all?

States are free to prohibit discrepancy models from being used at all. Statewide achievement tests could be considered to be examples of sweep screenings to assess academic performance levels. The 2006 federal regulation clarifies that child find and referral obligations do not include students with passing grades.

When was the Texas dyslexia law passed?

On June 10, 2023, the Texas Legislature passed House Bill 3928 which prompted many changes to the way we approach dyslexia evaluation, identification, and instruction.

Is ADHD a learning disability in Texas?

ADHD is not considered to be a learning disability. It can be determined to be a disability under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), making a student eligible to receive special education services.

What is the Beckley Wilson Act in Texas?

The bill's title is the Beckley Wilson Act. The bill: Requires the State Board of Education to update its Dyslexia Handbook to clarify that educational interventions for students with disabilities may not be distinguished from one another as either regular education or special education.

Can parents request dyslexia testing in Texas?

Parents have a right to request a special education evaluation at any time. Schools are required to refer a student for an evaluation when a disability is suspected that might require special education services.

What states don t screen for dyslexia?

California is one of only 10 states in the country that does not require schools to screen children for dyslexia. Experts agree early diagnosis is key to helping dyslexic students learn to read, yet the statewide teachers union and others have blocked those efforts.

What states have no dyslexia laws?

NO Dyslexia-Specific Laws: Hawaii, Idaho, Vermont.

Remember even if your state doesn't have a specific Dyslexia law, federal law including the Department of Education formally recognizes Dyslexia for ALL states and has statement about dyslexia being mentioned specifically in IEPs and 504s.

What is the discrepancy model of dyslexia?

The method for diagnosing dyslexia, known as the discrepancy model, was relatively straightforward: test a child's IQ and their reading age, and if there was a discrepancy between the two – average-to-high IQ, low literacy – that child was dyslexic.

What is the dual discrepancy model?

The Dual Discrepancy/Consistency (DD/C) pattern of strengths and weaknesses (PSW) method is the most prominent "other alternative research-based procedure" used to identify a specific learning disability (SLD).

What is a drawback to using a discrepancy approach to identifying?

A drawback to using a discrepancy approach to identify children with learning disabilities is: test scores may not represent actual ability.