How does the catchment area affect the runoff?

The results of analyzing the influence of catchment characteristics suggest that only under HR regime conditions do the catchment characteristics have an impact on runoff generation and behave as smaller catchment areas, and higher proportions of green landscapes always lead lower peak flow rates, lower total inflows ...

What are the factors affecting runoff in a catchment area?

The physical factors that affect runoff include climate, topography, soils vegetation and land use. Runoff, Q, is the residual between input precipitation, P, and evapotranspiration, E.

What are the catchment areas of runoff?

Catchments are areas of land where runoff collects to a specific zone. This movement is caused by water moving from areas of high energy to low energy due to the influence of gravity. Catchments often do not last for long periods of time as the water evaporates, drains into the soil, or is consumed by animals.

What are the factors that affect the amount of runoff in an area?

Runoff volumes are affected by various factors: type of precipitation, duration, amount, and intensity of precipitation. In addition, the type of watershed also influences the amount of runoff.

How does water flow in a catchment?

Within a catchment, water runs by gravity to the lowest point. The water is called surface runoff if it stays on the top of the land or groundwater flow if it soaks into the ground. When water reaches the lowest point in a catchment, it eventually flows into a creek, river, lake, lagoon, wetland or the ocean.

Runoff, Factors affecting Runoff, Catchment area

Why is the catchment area important?

A healthy water catchment provides high-quality drinking water and supports livelihoods such as agriculture, recreational angling and water sports. It also supports local ecosystems so plants, animals, fish and insects that depend on having healthy water can thrive and flourish.

What are the factors affecting catchment hydrology?

Catchment hydrology, which is strongly influenced by climate, geology, and soil type, can also play a significant role in the delivery of constituents from the catchment to receiving waters (Figure 3).

What are two factors that affect runoff?

Factors that affect runoff include the amount of rainfall, permeability, vegetation and the slope of the land. Runoff can have negative side effects that include severe erosion and an increase in pollution.

Which factor affects runoff the most?

Timing and rate of precipitation are critical factors affecting runoff. High intensity storms will cause more runoff than low intensity storms.

What causes an increase in runoff?

Impervious surfaces, or surfaces that can't absorb water, increase runoff. Roads, sidewalks, and parking lots are impervious surfaces. Materials as diverse as car-washing soaps, litter, and spilled gas from a gas station all become runoff. Runoff is a major source of water pollution.

What is the catchment area of the water?

A catchment is an area of land where water collects when it rains, often bounded by hills. As the water flows over the landscape it finds its way into streams and down into the soil, eventually feeding the river.

What are areas of catchment?

In geography, a catchment area is an area of land that collects water after rainfall, typically bounded by hills. Water flows down into these areas and collects into rivers and streams.

What are the effects of runoff?

Runoff picks up fertilizer, oil, pesticides, dirt, bacteria and other pollutants as it makes its way through storm drains and ditches - untreated - to our streams, rivers, lakes and the ocean. Polluted runoff is one of the greatest threats to clean water in the U.S.

What is a factor that affects runoff and erosion?

The risk of runoff and erosion is affected by small differences in texture. This is because texture influences the degree of percolation of water through the soil, and also the stability of soil. Soils containing large proportions of sand have relatively large pores through which water can drain freely.

What are the 5 factors that influence erosion from runoff?

The most important erosion factors include the climatic, hydrological, topographic, soil, geological and vegetation conditions, as well as the economic and technical and the socioeconomic conditions of the human society.

What affects runoff and erosion?

Rainfall amount, intensity, and frequency strongly influence runoff and erosion. Rainfall amount is usually measured in inches. Rainfall intensity is the rate at which the rain falls and is measured in inches of water falling in an hour of time.

What slopes cause more runoff?

The erosive force of water increases with velocity and steep slopes encourage faster runoff.

What factor does not affect runoff?

∴ Factors not affecting runoff from drainage basin is the existence of the building.

What 3 factors affect infiltration and runoff?

The major factors influencing the rate of infiltration are the physical characteristics of the soil and the cover on the soil surface, but other factors such as soil water content, temperature, and rainfall intensity are also important.

In what 3 ways can runoff be a problem?

Poorly managed stormwater causes three big problems:

Pollution from stormwater contaminates our waters, closes local businesses, and harms or kills fish and other wildlife.

What are catchment factors?

Catchment characteristics obtained from maps and the Data Base of the Water Resources Management Department were: Catchment Area (AREA), Main Stream Length (MSL),Slope as (S1085) Stream frequency (STRFQ), Mean Annual Rainfall (MAR) and Potential Evaporation (PE) (Ruks et al, (1970)).

What is the difference between a catchment area and a watershed?

Catchment area: It refers to all the area of land over which rain falls and is caught to serve a river basin. The catchment area of large rivers or river system is called a river basin while those of small rivers, a lake, a tank is often referred to as a watershed.

How do you describe a catchment?

A catchment is a basin shaped area of land, bounded by natural features such as hills or mountains from which surface and sub surface water flows into streams, rivers and wetlands. Water flows into, and collects in, the lowest areas in the landscape.

Which river has the largest catchment area?

The major river basin is the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna , which is the largest with catchment area of about 11.0 lakh km² (more than 43% of the catchment area of all the major rivers in the country). The other major river basins with catchment area more than 1.0 lakh km² are Indus, Mahanadi, Godavari and Krishna.

What is the difference between a catchment area and a river?

The difference between Catchment Area and River Basin is that a catchment area is a specific area from where a river drains the collected water, whereas a 'river basin' is the drainage basin where a river and its tributaries drain all the water.