How successful was the Carlisle School?

By some measures the Carlisle school was a success. During the school's 39-year history more than 10,000 students attended. Every student took music classes and received private instruction, and the school band performed in every presidential inaugural parade during the life of the school.

What was the negative impact of the Carlisle School Education Model?

Native American children taken from their parents and forced to attend the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, where they were taught to reject and abandon Native values, traditions, beliefs, and practices. (U.S. Army.)

What were the effects of Carlisle Boarding school?

Students lost their language, their cultural traditions, and their connection to their tribes and families. Parents lost children. Tribes lost members of their community and tribal traditions. We know that trauma has a long-lasting impact, and Native people have been living that reality for generations.

Who is the most famous alumni of Carlisle Indian School?

Thorpe was considered by many to be "The World's Greatest Athlete" and is one of the most famous graduates of the Carlisle Indian School. In school documentation James Thorpe is also known as Jim Thorpe, also spelled Jim Thorp.

What was distinctive about the Carlisle Boarding school?

The school assigned his father's name, Standing Bear, as his surname. The children were forced to change their manner of dress and to give up their traditional tribal ways. The boys all had long hair, which was a strong tradition in their cultures: it was cut short in Euro-American style.

"Kill the Indian, Save the Man" - Carlisle Boarding School - US History - Extra History

Was the Carlisle Indian School good or bad?

Historian Cary Collins explores the conditions of the Carlisle Indian School and other Native American Boarding schools in her book “The Broken Crucible of Assimilation.” Collins argues that the poor conditions of these boarding schools, the lack of school funding, and the understaffing of these schools, and the ...

How did the success of Carlisle impact the boarding school movement?

The Carlisle Indian Industrial School became a model for many more off-reservation boarding schools across the U.S. in the early 20th century. These schools followed Richard Pratt's “Kill the Indian and Save the Man” philosophy.

How many Indian children died at Carlisle School?

Of 180 Native Americans buried in the cemetery –most of whom are students who died while at the school – 157 have a name and tribal affiliation, and 23 are unknown.

Did Jim Thorpe attend Carlisle School?

In 1904, the sixteen-year-old Thorpe returned to his father and decided to attend Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. There his athletic ability was recognized and he was coached by Glenn Scobey "Pop" Warner, one of the most influential coaches of early American football history.

What was the graduation rate for the Carlisle Indian School?

More than 10,500 students from 140 tribes attended the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 39 years it operated. Of these only 158 ultimately received degrees through the program.

Why did Carlisle Boarding School closed?

In 1918, Carlisle boarding school was closed because Pratt's method of assimilating American Indian students through off-reservation boarding schools was perceived as outdated.

What is one reason why so many native students died at boarding schools like Carlisle?

Boarding schools were susceptible to deadly infections like tuberculosis and the flu, and schools like Carlisle had cemeteries for dead students. Between Carlisle's founding 1879 and its closing 1918, the school buried nearly 200 children in its cemetery.

How did the Carlisle school end?

The Carlisle Indian School was officially transferred to the Department of War on September 1, 1918, for use as U.S. Army Base Hospital #31. The entire closure process occurred between July 9 and September 1, 1918, during which time the majority of the included documents were created.

How many children died at Carlisle?

At some schools, dozens of children died; 189 students are known to be buried at Carlisle alone.

What would happen if Native American parents refused to send their children to boarding schools?

Parents who refused to send their children to the schools could be legally imprisoned and deprived of resources such as food and clothing which were scarce on reservations. Three of the 25 Indian boarding schools run by the U.S. government were in California.

How was the Carlisle School funded?

With the Civilization Fund Act of 1819 that authorized funding for organizations to run schools on Native American reservations, Pratt used this to authorize the establishment of boarding schools-thus began the Carlisle Indian Industrial School.

Why was Jim Thorpe stripped of his Olympic medals?

The International Olympic Committee stripped his medals and struck his marks from the official record after learning that he had violated the rules of amateurism by playing minor-league baseball in 1909-10.

Why did Jim Thorpe run away from school?

Thorpe bounced in and out of school, often running away due to depression stemming from his brother and mother's deaths and also due to multiple arguments with his father. Thorpe returned home to his father in the early 1900s and decided to attend Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania.

What did Jim Thorpe struggle with?

After his early burst of athletic glory, Thorpe's story seems largely a sad one: constant financial insecurity, struggles with alcohol, three marriages, and a fragmented relationship with his children. Even his burial place, in the tiny Pennsylvania town posthumously named for him, is the subject of grim controversy.

Which was the harshest punishment at the Carlisle School?

Students were forced to cut their hair, change their names, stop speaking their Native languages, convert to Christianity, and endure harsh discipline including corporal punishment and solitary confinement.

Who was the boy who died in Carlisle?

The first victim was 15-year-old Lewis Kirkpatrick, whose body was found in the river a day after the incident. A second boy has died following an incident in which a group of teenagers got into trouble in a river in Cumbria.

What is the motto of the Carlisle School?

Pratt's motto was "kill the Indian and save the man." The Carlisle Indian School became a model for Indian education. Not only were private boarding schools established, so too were reservation boarding schools.

Why were so many children sent to Carlisle?

The purpose of Carlisle, as well as other boarding schools across the nation, was to remove Native Americans from their cultures and lifestyles and assimilate them into the white man's society.

Is Carlisle Indian School still standing?

It was housed in Carlisle, PA at the Carlisle Barracks, now the home of the U.S. Army War College. "Carlisle" became the model for 24 off reservation schools with the purpose of acculturation. Many of the school buildings are still standing.

What is the legacy reputation of the Carlisle Indian boarding school?

While it was only open for 39 years, the Carlisle Indian Industrial School became the model on which future Indian Boarding Schools in the United States and Indian Residential Schools in Canada were based, laying the foundation for more than a century of institutions that worked to forcibly erase Indigenous culture by ...