Is peer review ethical?

Peer reviewers play an important role in ensuring the integrity of the scholarly record. The peer review process depends to a large extent on the trust and willing participation of the scholarly community and requires that everyone involved behaves responsibly and ethically.

Are peer reviewed articles ethical?

Peer review is critical to maintaining the quality of science; there is therefore an ethical imperative for scientists to participate in this process when they are able to do so.

What is a peer review in ethics?

Peer reviewers can judge whether a submitted article is novel and worthy of publication, without any publication misconduct such as plagiarism, data falsification, or unjustified authorship. However, many reviewers are not instructed as to how to be a good reviewer, or are not educated on their ethical obligations.

What is the abuse of peer review?

Abuse of peer review

There are several ways to abuse the process of peer review. You can steal ideas and present them as your own, or produce an unjustly harsh review to block or at least slow down the publication of the ideas of a competitor.

What are the negatives of peer reviews?

Workplace Peer Review Negatives

They may also fear that the reviews may be biased in favor of the most popular employees rather than the most competent. Furthermore, they may worry that their own reviews could be tainted by a co-worker who holds a grudge.

Peer Review Ethics

Why is peer review biased?

TYPES OF BIAS IN THE PEER REVIEW PROCESS

It can occur when a reviewer is competing with the author for a certain position or honor. If a reviewer knows something about the author's work, they might extrapolate from previous impressions to the work being considered now.

What are the cons of peer review in the workplace?

Stress from being evaluated: Employees may feel stressed knowing their peers are evaluating their performance. They might worry about how their colleagues perceive their work and whether this will impact their professional relationships.

Is it legal to do a peer review?

Currently, 50 states and the District of Columbia have enacted peer review privilege statutes. While each state's statute varies in scope and description, all offer immunity to those who participate in peer review.

Is peer review censorship?

Even more importantly, excessive influence by reviewers can stifle legitimate scientific debate and encourage conformity (18). Peer review is very different from censorship, but we need to be careful to maintain the distinction.

Is peer review evidence based?

Evidence-based is not the same as peer-reviewed. Most evidence-based sources are also peer-reviewed, but not all peer-reviewed sources are evidence-based. What is peer-reviewed? Peer-reviewed sources are academic/scholarly in nature.

Why is ethical peer review important?

Peer reviewers play an important role in ensuring the integrity of the scholarly record. The peer review process depends to a large extent on the trust and willing participation of the scholarly community and requires that everyone involved behaves responsibly and ethically.

What is the golden rule of peer review?

Journals have no way to coerce reviewers to return their critiques faster. To greatly shorten the time to publication, all actors in this altruistic network should abide by the Golden Rule of Reviewing: review for others as you would have others review for you.

How can we make peer review more fair and ethical?

Disclosing all conflict of interest, maintaining confidentiality, attributing proper credit to all reviewers, providing constructive criticism and displaying courtesy are key components of ethical peer review. Peer review assesses the science behind the research study and manuscript.

How do you avoid bias in a peer review?

While increasing transparency is one way to reduce bias, another approach is double-blind peer review. A study suggests that early career researchers tend to prefer double-blind peer review as it can reduce bias against authors with less experience, female authors, or authors from minority groups.

Why not use peer-reviewed articles?

Don't use peer reviewed articles if...

You need general or background information. Scholarly articles are written with the assumption that you have the background knowledge already. If you need background information, try a general magazine article or Credo, a great reference database.

Should peer review be confidential?

Ensure confidentiality

No details should be disclosed to anyone except the peer reviewers without permission from the author. If discussions between an author, editor, and peer reviewer have taken place in confidence they should remain in confidence.

Is censorship illegal in the US?

Censorship by the government is unconstitutional. In contrast, when private individuals or groups organize boycotts against stores that sell magazines of which they disapprove, their actions are protected by the First Amendment, although they can become dangerous in the extreme.

What kind of content is censored?

General censorship occurs in a variety of different media, including speech, books, music, films, and other arts, the press, radio, television, and the Internet for a variety of claimed reasons including national security, to control obscenity, pornography, and hate speech, to protect children or other vulnerable ...

Is censorship in the media legal?

That said, while the government may neither censor a media platform's speech nor demand that the platform publish speakers it does not want to publish, government officials are allowed to express the government's view on any topic. Indeed, as the Supreme Court said in Pleasant Grove v.

Can peer review be wrong?

However, just because a paper is published in a “peer-reviewed journal,” does not mean that the paper is completely fact-checked, unbiased, or correct. The peer review system is not perfect, but for now, it is the closest thing we have to ensure academic rigor.

Can peer review be biased?

The peer review process can also introduce bias. A compelling ethical and moral rationale necessitates improving the peer review process. A double-blind peer review system is supported on equipoise and fair-play principles. Triple- and quadruple-blind systems have also been described but are not commonly used.

Can a paper be accepted without peer review?

Answer: Many journals do not have a peer review process for certain article types, for instance, short communications or letters to the editor. These articles are usually published based on the editor's evaluation and decision.

What is the most important rule of peer review?

Everyone involved in the peer-review process must always act according to the highest ethical standards. Information received during the submission and peer-review process must not be used by anyone involved for their own or others' advantage or to disadvantage or discredit others.

What are the 5 key elements of peer review?

Faith, or F.A.I.T.H. in peer review depends on five core attributes: fairness in reviewing; appropriate expertise, iden- tifiable reviewers, timely reviews; and helpful critiques.

How does peer influence affect ethical behavior?

Faced with a disconnect between an individual's internal moral compass and the moral compass of the in-group7, an individual may imitate the group's peer behavior even when it deviates from his or her predisposed inclinations and beliefs. Peer influence can lead to pressure to conform.