What are the 4 intellectual disabilities?

What are the 5 most common intellectual disability?

Some of the most common known causes of intellectual disability – like Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, fragile X syndrome, genetic conditions, birth defects, and infections – happen before birth. Others happen while a baby is being born or soon after birth.

What are the 4 categories of intellectual disability?

Classification of intellectual disability

The terms mild, moderate, severe and profound may be used to describe the severity of a person's intellectual disability. These terms simply refer to the range of IQ within which your client has been assessed.

What are the 3 major components of intellectual disability?

There are three major criteria for intellectual disability: significant limitations in intellectual functioning, significant limitations in adaptive behavior, and onset before the age of 18.

What is the IQ of a person with intellectual disability?

Historically, intellectual disability (previously termed “mental retardation”) has been defined by significant cognitive deficits—which has been established through a standardized measure of intelligence, in particular, with an IQ score of below 70 (two standard deviations below the mean of 100 in the population)—and ...

Parenting Tips for Kids With Intellectual Disabilities

What are 2 of the most causes of intellectual disability?

The most common known preventable or environmental cause of intellectual disability is fetal alcohol syndrome, the most common chromosomal cause is Down syndrome, and the most common genetic cause is Fragile X syndrome.

What is the most severe intellectual disability?

Profound intellectual disability

Persons with profound ID have IQ less than 20–25 (8,13,15,16). Persons with profound ID function at about 3 years of mental age and need high intensity, pervasive support across all environments (8,10,15,16).

What is considered a severe intellectual disability?

Severe. People with severe intellectual disability have an average mental age of between 3 and 6 years. They use single words, phrases and/or gestures to communicate. They benefit from daily care and support with activities and daily life.

What is mental retardation now called?

Intellectual disability—formerly known as mental retardation—can be caused by injury, disease, or a problem in the brain.

What is a 70 IQ for intellectual disability?

Intellectual disability, formerly called mental retardation (MR) is defined as having an IQ score below 70 whereas an IQ score in the range of 71–84 is termed as “borderline intellectual functioning”.

What is the mental age of someone with intellectual disability?

Approximate IQ range of 20 to 34 (in adults, mental age from 3 to under 6 years). Likely to result in continuous need of support. IQ under 20 (in adults, mental age below 3 years). Results in severe limitation in self-care, continence, communication and mobility.

What is another name for intellectual disability?

Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability in the United Kingdom and formerly mental retardation, is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.

What is an example of a cognitive disability?

“Cognitive disabilities” is a term that refers to a broad range of conditions that include intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, severe, persistent mental illness, brain injury, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.

Which are the two characteristics of an intellectual disability?

The common characteristics of intellectual disabilities: difficulty learning and processing information; problems with abstract thought; and problems with social interactions occur at varying levels unique to each individual.

What does ID mean on an IEP?

Definition. Intellectual Disability (ID) Intellectual Disability means significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior, and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child's educational performance.

What is considered a low IQ?

The vast majority of people in the United States have I.Q.s between 80 and 120, with an I.Q. of 100 considered average. To be diagnosed as having mental retardation, a person must have an I.Q. below 70-75, i.e. significantly below average.

Is intellectual disability a mental illness?

A person with an intellectual disability has a life-long condition of slow intellectual development, where medication has little or no effect. A person with mental illness has a disorder that can be treated with medication, psychotherapy or other supports.

Is Low IQ considered a disability?

The SSA has listings of qualified disabilities, and a person with a low IQ can qualify as disabled if they meet the listing criteria. First, the intellectual disability must have been obvious prior to age 22, and the individual must have a full-scale IQ of 70 or lower.

What is the most severe form of mental retardation?

The DSM-IV classifies mental retardation into four stages based on severity: mild (IQ score of 50-55 to approximately 70), moderate (IQ score of 30-35 to 50-55), severe (IQ score of 20-25 to 35-40), and profound (IQ score of less than 20-25).

What is borderline intelligence?

The term borderline intellectual functioning describes a group of people who function on the border between normal intellectual functioning and intellectual disability, between 1 and 2 standard deviations below the mean on the normal curve of the distribution of intelligence, roughly an IQ between 70 and 85.

What is the most common form of mental retardation?

Down's syndrome is the most common specific cause of mental retardation, followed by the Fragile X syndrome, which mainly affects boys.

What are the symptoms of borderline intelligence?

The manifestations of BIF can be diverse: Academic Delays: This is one of the most common indicators, especially when a child's academic performance is consistently below their peer group. Adaptive Challenges: Difficulties with tasks such as personal hygiene, money management, or time management might be present.

What qualifies as a specific learning disability?

Definition: Specific Learning Disability means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell or do mathematical calculations, including ...

How do you test for intellectual disability?

How to Diagnose ID in an Adult. A diagnosis of ID should rely on clinical assessment of higher cognitive function, in addition to standardized psychological testing^10,18 and an assessment of functional impairment (adaptive behavior skills).