What are the factors affecting catchment area?

However, the hydrological character of a catchment is itself highly dependent on other environmental variables, notably basin morphology, climatic factors, vegetation and land use, solid and drift geology, soils and Man.

What factors influence catchment?

Catchment hydrology, which is strongly influenced by climate, geology, and soil type, can also play a significant role in the delivery of constituents from the catchment to receiving waters (Figure 3).

What are the factors affecting runoff in a catchment area?

The physical factors that affect runoff include climate, topography, soils vegetation and land use. Runoff, Q, is the residual between input precipitation, P, and evapotranspiration, E.

What are the 5 factors of water runoff?

What are the features of a catchment area?

A catchment is a basin shaped area of land, bounded by natural features such as hills or mountains from which surface and sub surface water flows into streams, rivers and wetlands. Water flows into, and collects in, the lowest areas in the landscape.

Runoff, Factors affecting Runoff, Catchment area

How do you increase catchment area?

One way to improve the catchment is to provide the slab with a sloping cement screed. Constructing a waterproof edge on a flat roof is rather difficult because of the temperature expansion. FIGURE 10. Types of roofs.

What is the importance of a catchment area?

A healthy water catchment provides high-quality drinking water and supports livelihoods such as agriculture, recreational angling and water sports. It also supports local ecosystems so plants, animals, fish and insects that depend on having healthy water can thrive and flourish.

What are the factors affecting the seasonal and annual runoff of a catchment?

Temperature, wind speed, and humidity are the major meteorological factors, which affect runoff. Temperature, wind speed and humidity affect evaporation and transpiration rates, thus soil moisture regime and infiltration rate, and finally runoff volume.

Which factor affects runoff the most?

Timing and rate of precipitation are critical factors affecting runoff. High intensity storms will cause more runoff than low intensity storms.

What are the main factors affecting runoff in a watershed?

What are the different types of catchment areas?

Types of catchment areas

Catchment areas generally fall under two categories, those that occur organically, i.e., "de facto" catchment area, and a place people are naturally drawn to, such as a large shopping centre.

What is a factor that affects runoff and erosion?

The risk of runoff and erosion is affected by small differences in texture. This is because texture influences the degree of percolation of water through the soil, and also the stability of soil. Soils containing large proportions of sand have relatively large pores through which water can drain freely.

What is the runoff factor?

What is It? The runoff coefficient (C) is a dimensionless coefficient relating the amount of runoff to the amount of precipitation received. It is a larger value for areas with low infiltration and high runoff (pavement, steep gradient), and lower for permeable, well vegetated areas (forest, flat land).

What is an example of a catchment area?

A catchment area can also be defined by an arbitrary distance or time. For example, if one know that clients are unwilling to travel more than 10 miles to get to a facility, one can use buffers to create circular catchment areas that are no more than 10 miles from a facility.

What can affect the quality of water in a catchment?

Factors that influence water quality include: land cover (the amount, type and arrangement of native plant life in the catchment and along waterways), land use, land management practices (like animal stocking rates, application rates of fertilisers and other chemicals), catchment geology, climate and rainfall, topology ...

What is the catchment area?

Meaning of catchment area in English. the area of land from which water flows into a river, lake, or reservoir: There has been a lot of recent rainfall in the catchment area of the river. Deforestation in the lake's catchment areas is endangering the lake.

What are three factors that affect the amount of runoff?

Runoff volumes are affected by various factors: type of precipitation, duration, amount, and intensity of precipitation. In addition, the type of watershed also influences the amount of runoff.

What factor does not affect runoff?

∴ Factors not affecting runoff from drainage basin is the existence of the building.

What 3 factors affect infiltration and runoff?

What is the runoff factor of rainfall?

Runoff coefficient (C) is defined as the ratio of the volume of water superficially drained during rainfall to the total volume of precipitation during a certain period (Bedient et al., 2013; Júnior, 2015).

What factor affects the color and volume of the runoff?

Soil runoff produces a variety of yellow, red, brown and gray colors. Weathered rocks and soils, the land-use activity and the type of trees and plants growing within the watershed will influence the types and amount of dissolved and suspended material found in a lake or stream.

What are the major factors that effect the amount of runoff and or flooding that local streams experience during heavy rainfall?

Mountains and steep hills produce rapid runoff, which causes streams to rise quickly. Rocks and shallow, clayey soils do not allow much water to infiltrate into the ground. Saturated soils can also lead to rapid flash flooding.

What factors influence water flow?

There are several factors that affect the discharge of rivers at any given time. These factors include the size of the drainage area (or watershed), climate, land use/land cover, soil type, and the topography of the watershed.

How do you calculate drainage catchment area?

To calculate the catchment area, you will need to add up the total area of the watershed and any other areas that drain directly into the pond or lake. This will give you the catchment area of the water body.

What factors play a role in determining how much water is collected in a catchment area?

Sizing a Catchment Area – The size of the catchment area or roof will determine how much rainwater that you can harvest. The area is based on the “footprint” of the roof, which can be calculated by finding the area of the building and adding the area of the roof's overhang.