What does et al mean?

Published on February 17, 2020 by Jack Caulfield. Revised on November 10, 2022. “Et al.” is short for the Latin term “et alia,” which means “and others.” It is used in academic citations when referring to a source with multiple authors. Example: Using “et al.” Hulme et al.

How do you use et al correctly?

"Et al." means "and others" and is typically used in reference to multiple authors of a work, particularly when citing sources with more than three authors. For example, "Jones et al. (2021) found that..." would indicate that there are additional authors besides Jones who contributed to the work being cited.

What does et al stand for?

“Et al.” is an abbreviation of the Latin term “et alia,” which means “and others.” It's used in source citations to save space when there are too many authors to name them all. Guidelines for using “et al.” differ depending on the citation style you're following: APA. MLA.

What is the full meaning of ET?

E.T. in American English

1. Eastern time. 2. extraterrestrial (sense 2) Also: ET.

Is it polite to use et al?

In fact, it appears almost exclusively in very formal writing, like scholarly text and academic publications. Many style guides advise writers to include all names in the initial citation. Then, only use et al. in subsequent mentions.

What does et al mean on a legal document?

Can you use et al casually?

Casual context: Sometimes “et al.” is used more casually in a sentence when listing people. For example, you could say: “Many renowned authors have shared their expertise on MasterClass, including Margaret Atwood, Neil Gaiman, Joyce Carol Oates, et al.”

How is et al used in a sentence?

Definition. Et al. is a Latin abbreviation that means 'and others. ' It's used in place of names for the purpose of saving time and space when providing in-text citations. For example: 'Jones et al.

What is the plural of et al?

Et al. is the abbreviated form of et alia (or et alii or et aliae, the masculine and feminine plural, respectively).

What does BST stand for?

British Summer Time is a mechanism to make the most of increased summer daylight hours in the northern hemisphere.

What is the meaning of the word te?

In Latin, te means “you.” A common Latin phrase used in hymns and prayers is te deum laudamus, which means, “We praise thee, oh God.” We also use the word te to talk about an element of philosophical Taoism.

What does Hello et al mean?

Et al. comes from the Latin phrase meaning “and others.” It is usually styled with a period, but you will occasionally see et al as well. Et al. typically stands in for two or more names, especially in bibliographical information.

Is it OK to use et al in email?

Use it in an email greeting by saying, “Dear Mr. Smith et al.,” when there is more than one recipient. For punctuation, always follow the abbreviation with a period since it's short for “et alia” or “and others.”

Can I use et al in formal writing?

“Etc.” is used widely in both formal and informal situations, while “et al.” is generally limited to formal academic writing. One lesser known use of “et al.” is as an abbreviation of “et alibi.” “Et alibi” translates to “and elsewhere.” It is used in academic writing to indicate locations that do not appear in a list.

Do you need a comma after et al?

Because et al. is an abbreviation of the longer Latin phrase, masculine (et alii), feminine (et aliae), or neuter (et alia), it is usually followed by a period, but some styles will omit the period. In a parenthetical citation, should a comma follow et al. before the date? Most styles will include a comma after et al.

Do you put a comma before et al in text?

This is because the abbreviation stands for “and others,” and you should use it just as you would the phrase: The article was written by Liu Chang and others. For the same reason, a comma is also not used before et al.

What does PST stand for?

abbreviation for(in the US and Canada) Pacific Standard Time.

What is BST in military?

The Marine Corps Battle Skills Test (BST) Program provides a structured approach for the service to ensure all Marines sustain proficiency in 30 of the 178 common skills taught during entry level training. The program will emphasize training using a leader-led, face-to-face approach.

What does BST stand for in mental health?

Brain stimulation therapy (BST) can play an important role in the treatment of mental health conditions, but it is often misrepresented or misunderstood. Most people associate this form of treatment with ECT – electroconvulsive therapy.

What is the difference between etc and et al?

In a nutshell, et al. means “and others” and should be used when listing people, while etc. means “and the rest” and should be used when listing things.

What not to say in email?

Inappropriate Language: Avoid using slang, profanity, or offensive language in your email. Maintain a polite and formal tone. Personal Information: Do not share unnecessary personal information or details that are unrelated to your academic query or request.

When writing emails what should not be used?

What does family et al mean?

"Et al." is a Latin term that means "and others." It is often used in academic writing to refer to a group of people, especially in in-text citations or reference lists. 👩‍🎓

Can I write Dear all in an email?

Yes, "Dear All" is exclusively used as a salutation in an email when we write to a majority of person at once.

Should et al be italicized?

What of “e.g.”, “et al.”, “i.e.”, and “etc.”? Well, these are not written-out forms, AND they are very common; therefore, there is no need to italicize “e.g.”, “et al.”, “i.e.”, and “etc.”.