What is a publication bias quizlet?

publication bias. the tendency for published studies to systematically over-represent statistically significant findings, reflecting the tendency of researchers, reviewers, and editors to not publish negative results; also called a bias against the null hypothesis.

What is the publication bias?

Publication bias is defined as the failure to publish the results of a study on the basis of the direction or strength of the study findings.

What is a real life example of publication bias?

Publication Bias: is when certain types of studies are published over others. A real-life example of publication bias is a study was published about an antidepressant that was not approved for use in the U.S., but has been approved in other countries.

What is publication selection bias?

In published academic research, publication bias occurs when the outcome of an experiment or research study biases the decision to publish or otherwise distribute it. Publishing only results that show a significant finding disturbs the balance of findings in favor of positive results.

Why is there publication bias in psychology?

Editorial decisions can contribute to publication bias, or reward p-hacking, while a focus on novelty by journals and funders could discourage replications. Journal's emphasis on narrative may encourage, or demand, incomplete reporting of a study's methods.

Understanding Publication Bias in Research

What is publication bias in psychology quizlet?

publication bias. the tendency for published studies to systematically over-represent statistically significant findings, reflecting the tendency of researchers, reviewers, and editors to not publish negative results; also called a bias against the null hypothesis.

What is an example of publication bias in research?

Publication bias occurs when one type of study result is more likely to be published than another. For example, publishing results of studies that show a new treatment provides significant benefits, but not always publishing studies that show less or no benefit, will lead to publication bias.

How do you identify publication bias?

Several rank-based tests have been created to examine the correlation between effect-size estimates plotted in the funnel plot and their corresponding standard error or sampling variance. If the rank tests result in a strong correlation, then the presence of publication bias is implied.

What type of bias is publication bias?

Publication bias is a type of reporting bias and closely related to dissemination bias, although dissemination bias generally applies to all forms of results dissemination, not simply journal publications.

How do you check for publication bias?

Various statistical tests have been proposed for publication bias in the funnel plot, such as Begg's rank test (Begg and Mazumdar, 1994) and Egger's regression test (Egger et al., 1997) and its extensions (e.g., Macaskill et al., 2001; Rothstein et al., 2005; Harbord et al., 2006; Peters et al., 2006).

Why is publication bias important?

In the presence of publication bias, belief in the relationship increases artificially and iteratively with each positive publication. This, in turn, diminishes the credibility of hypothesis testing because it is based on biased information, and calls into question the integrity of the entire experimental framework.

Why is publication bias bad?

Publication bias occurs when studies with statistically significant results have increased likelihood of being published. Publication bias is commonly associated with inflated treatment effect which lowers the certainty of decision makers about the evidence.

How is publication bias an ethical issue?

Publication bias is defined as "the tendency on the parts of investigators, reviewers, and editors to submit or accept manuscripts for publication based on the direction or the strength of the study findings."Publication bias distorts the accumulated data in the literature, causes the over estimation of potential ...

What is an example of publication bias in medicine?

A meta-analysis of published and unpublished data on reboxetine for the acute treatment of major depression found it, overall, to be an ineffective and potentially harmful antidepressant. The published evidence overestimated the benefits of reboxetine while underestimating the harms.

Is publication bias intentional?

Bias may be introduced intentionally or unintentionally, consciously or unconsciously, into the process of research dissemination. 3,18 The dissemination profile of research may be influenced by investigators, study sponsors, peer reviewers, and journal editors.

What is the difference between selection bias and publication bias?

Evidence selection bias occurs when a systematic review does not identify all available data on a topic. This can arise from publication bias, where data from statistically significant studies are more likely to be published than those that are not statistically significant.

How can publication bias be prevented?

Bias can be minimized by (1) insisting on high-quality research and thorough literature reviews, (2) eliminating the double standard concerning peer review and informed consent applied to clinical research and practice, (3) publishing legitimate trials regardless of their results, (4) requiring peer reviewers to ...

Does publication bias cause heterogeneity?

Our results show that the effect of publication bias on the Q test and assessment of heterogeneity is large, complex, and nonlinear. Publication bias can both dramatically decrease and increase heterogeneity in true effect size, particularly if the number of studies is large and population effect size is small.

What is publication bias and Type 1 error?

Publication bias, otherwise known as the file drawer problem, is the idea that research papers rejecting a null hypothesis as a consequence of Type I errors are published while those that support the same null hypothesis are, instead, shoved into a file drawer where no one can access them (Rosenthal, 1979).

How do you explain publication bias in meta-analysis?

The “dictionary of epidemiology” [1] defines publication bias as “an editorial predilection for publishing particular findings, e.g., positive results, which leads to the failure of authors to submit negative findings for publication.” Rosenthal, in his “file drawer problem,” described an extreme view in which journals ...

Can publication bias be more than 10 studies?

Second, investigators should use appropriate techniques to assess publication bias such as Egger's regression or symmetry of funnel plots whenever there are greater than 10 studies combined in a meta-analysis (with less than 10 the assessment methods are not very reliable).

What is the best test for publication bias?

Funnel plots and Egger's Test detect bias, while trim-and-fill corrects it, though limitations exist and sensitivity analyses are crucial. Publication bias – when studies with significant results are more likely to be published than non-significant findings – has dangerous consequences for meta-analyses.

Is gabapentin a publication bias?

Gabapentin was associated with a lower incidence of adverse events than pregabalin (P < 0.05). Funnel plot and Begg's and Egger's tests showed no significant publication bias.

What is the publication bias small study effect?

Publication bias should be seen as one of a number of possible causes of 'small-study effects' – a tendency for estimates of the intervention effect to be more beneficial in smaller studies.

Why is there a publication bias against no effects?

Publication bias can also arise from decisions of journal editors and peer reviewers to reject studies with null results because: “negative results have never made riveting reading”; the study may be similar to the peer-reviewer's own work; they may be biased against research in different fields; or because studies ...