What is curriculum according to different authors?

Krug (1957): Curriculum consists of all the means of instruction used by the school to provide opportunities for student learning experiences leading to desired learning outcomes. Musgrave (1968): the contrived activity and experience- organized, focused, systematic- that life, unaided, would not provide.

What is curriculum according to John Dewey?

From what we have seen, Dewey, at least in part, sees the curriculum as "the child's present experience" and "the subject-matter of studies" (MW 2, 278).

What is curriculum according to Daniel Tanner?

Thus, Tanner and Tanner (1980:25) provided an accommodating definition of curriculum as: Curriculum is the planned and guided learning experiences and intended learning outcomes, formulated through the systematic reconstruction of knowledge and experience, under the auspices of the school, for the learner's continuous ...

What is curriculum according to Hilda Taba?

According to Hilda Taba, "a curriculum is a plan for learning, therefore what is known about the learning process and the development of individual has bearing on the shaping of the curriculum" [3].

What is curriculum according to Caswell and Campbell?

Caswell and Campbell viewed curricula as "all experiences children have under the guidance of teachers." This definition is shared by Smith, Stanley, and Shores when they defined curriculum as "a sequence of potential experiences set up in schools for the purpose of disciplining children and youth in group ways of ...

DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF THE CURRICULUM

What is curriculum according to Rousseau?

Rousseau however, said that books do not give knowledge; they only train one to talk. So he emphasized that curriculum for adolescence should be based on active work than on books. The youth should, however, be taught history mythological stories, religious stories with stress on moral and religious education.

What is curriculum according to Lawrence Stenhouse?

In 1975 Lawrence Stenhouse defined curriculum as “an attempt to communicate the essential principles and features of an educational proposal in such a form that it is open to critical scrutiny and capable of effective translation into practice.”[2] This definition was a move towards a broader understanding and approach ...

What is curriculum according to Galen Saylor?

Galen saylor and william Alexander (1974) viewed curriculum development as a consisting of four steps. Curriculum is a plan providing sets of learning opportunities to achieve broad educational goals and related learning objectives for an identifiable population served by a single school center.

What is curriculum by Tyler and Taba?

Ralph Tyler and Hilda Taba grouped objectives of curriculum development into the following categories: Knowledge acquisition: The goal of knowledge acquisition is to help students learn facts, concepts, and principles. This can be done through a variety of methods, such as lectures, readings, and discussions.

What is Tyler model of curriculum?

The Tyler curriculum model is a curriculum design approach focusing on four core principles: Determining objectives, identifying experiences, organizing experiences, and evaluating effectiveness. To begin the process, school officials need to determine the specific learning objectives that they want students to meet.

What is curriculum according to Horne?

'The curriculum may be defined as the totality of subject 'matter' activities, and experience which 335constitute a pupil's school life. ' Curriculum includes all activities. According to, H.H. Horne says, “The curriculum is that which the pupil is taught. It involves more than the acts of learning and quiet study.

What is curriculum according to Johnson?

Johnson (1967) , on the other hand, defines curriculum as a structured series of learning outcomes that result from instructional delivery.

What is the definition of curriculum according to Franklin Bobbitt?

Franklin Bobbitt (1918) provides a prescriptive definition of curriculum as “Curriculum is that series of things which children and youth must do and experience by way of developing abilities to do the things well that make up the affairs of adult life; and to be in all respects what adults should be.”

What is curriculum according to philosophers?

Curriculum, according to its Latin origins, literally means to run a course (Glatthorn et al., 2009). A curriculum philosophy is a set of values or criteria that guides all decision-making when developing a curriculum (Wiles, 2005). Educators utilize philosophy to create curriculums by setting priorities.

What is the best definition of curriculum?

Curriculum is the expectations for what will be taught and what students will do in a program of study. It includes teacher-made materials, textbooks, and national and state standards. Curriculum is the gathered information that has been considered relevant to a specific topic.

What is the latest definition of curriculum?

Curriculum is a standards-based sequence of planned experiences where students practice and achieve proficiency in content and applied learning skills. Curriculum is the central guide for all educators as to what is essential for teaching and learning, so that every student has access to rigorous academic experiences.

What is the difference between Tyler and Stenhouse?

Tyler used the narrow definition of “curriculum”, while Stenhouse argued for a broader definition and Freire just assumed a broader definition. But that was only their starting point. The main focus of their debate was on what should go into a curriculum and how it should be approached.

How do you differentiate Tyler and Taba's theory of curriculum?

The key difference between Tyler model and Taba model is that Tyler model of curriculum is a linear model that contains four concepts, whereas Taba model of the curriculum contains a long process of curriculum development, including seven steps.

What is curriculum according to Smith Stanley and Shores?

- Smith, Stanley and Shores defined curriculum as a “ sequence. of potential experiences set up in schools for the purpose of. disciplining children and youth in group ways of thinking and. acting.”

What is the curriculum as per Plato?

Plato in his 'Republic', (book- v, chap. - xxvi) suggested few general principles and rules for curriculum development of educational institution. He has chosen few particular disciplines for primary and Higher education such as art and literature, grammar, mathematics, logic, geometry, Astronomy and physical science.

What is Aristotle's curriculum?

For him, he believed that a balanced curriculum should be provided to the child which included opportunities for play, physical training, music, debate, and the study of science and philosophy which were needed to assist the child in developing their body, mind and soul (Elliott et al, 2016).

What is curriculum according to Oliver?

Albert Oliver (1977) says, “Curriculum is the educational program of the school” and divided into four basic elements: 1) program of studies, 2) program of experiences, 3) program of service, 4) hidden curriculum.” B.

What is Kelly's definition of curriculum?

Kelly as the author began her explanation of the curriculum as a teaching process. The curriculum as all educational process. It is the mean curriculum from developed, planning, action / operate, evaluation, maintenance, and follow up.

What is Lawton's model of curriculum?

Lawton (1986) also posits that a curriculum is a selection from culture and is therefore deeply rooted in culture. Thus, a study of the curriculum should necessarily involve an analysis of the power conflicts, values and contentions within the competing cultures.