What is the difference between response to intervention and discrepancy model?

The RTI model utilizes evidence- based data. The Discrepancy Model is a more traditional method used to identify a learning disability through cognitive and academic achievement testing. RTI focuses on the student's inability to respond to interventions and/or instruction within the classroom setting.

What are the differences between using the IQ ability achievement discrepancy model and the RTI model for LD identification?

No IQ test and no processing tests are required. The benefit of the RTI model is that teachers do not wait until a child fails to give extra help, like they often do under the discrepancy model. RTI is a much more proactive, preventative model. Many schools begin RTI services as early as pre-school and kindergarten.

What is the difference between PSW and discrepancy model?

A pattern of strengths and weaknesses (PSW) is one approach for determining specific learning disabilities (SLD). As opposed to the old-school discrepancy model, which tells clinicians if a student is performing more poorly than expected, PSW seeks to determine why a student is performing more poorly.

What is a discrepancy model?

The discrepancy model assesses whether a substantial difference, or discrepancy, exists between a student's scores on an individualized test of general intelligence (that is, an IQ test such as WISC-IV) and his or her scores obtained for one or more areas of academic achievement (e.g., the Woodcock-Johnson Achievement ...

What is response to intervention and how does it improve upon the traditional discrepancy model of determining if a student has a learning disability?

An RTI approach has been suggested as a way to reduce referrals to special education by providing well-designed instruction and intensified interventions in general education, thereby distinguishing between students who perform poorly in school due to factors such as inadequate prior instruction from students with LD ...

Jim Crawford: Comparison of the RTI and Discrepancy Model Approaches

What is the rationale for replacing the discrepancy model with RTI?

RTI or 'Response To Intervention' is a new approach to the identification of a learning disability which is intended to alleviate the problems associated with the discrepancy model. With RTI, there is no need to formally evaluate cognitive abilities or academic achievement.

Is the discrepancy model still used?

Historically, schools used this model to determine if a child had a learning difference that qualified them for special education services. But there are differences of opinion among professionals about the benefits and drawbacks of this approach. Many schools still use the discrepancy model.

What are the advantages of the discrepancy model?

Objective and Easy to Understand. The discrepancy model may have limitations, however, it has an advantage over alternative methods in that it is relatively simple. Also, it is an objective measurement and therefore can be applied evenly by many educators across even more students.

Which states do not use the discrepancy model?

The federal regulation requiring a severe discrepancy between intellectual ability and achievement appears in the SLD classifica- tion criteria for 48 of the 50 states. Only two states do not have the discrepancy requirement in their state rules (IA and LA).

What is the response to intervention model?

Response to Intervention, or RTI, is an educational strategy used in schools to: Provide effective and high-quality instruction, Monitor all students' progress to make sure they are progressing as expected, and. Provide additional support (intervention) to students who are struggling.

What does the discrepancy model focus on the difference between?

The second method, the Discrepancy model, uses tests to determine if a significant discrepancy or difference exists between an intelligence (IQ) test and academic tests and performance (Marchant, n.d.).

Does Texas use the discrepancy model?

Texas Guidelines for SLD

Consistent with the federal guidelines, the Texas guidelines require formal documentation of the provision of adequate general education instruction. The Texas guidelines are also flexible, permitting either a process based on RTI or one based on a discrepancy model.

What is the difference between traditional discrepancy model of LD assessment with the response to intervention approach?

The discrepancy model relies on identifying significant gaps between intellectual ability and academic achievement, leading to a specific diagnosis of a learning disability. In contrast, the RTI approach prioritizes early intervention and individualized support through a dynamic, multi-tiered system.

What are the three levels of intervention in the RTI model?

Tier 1 – Level of instruction found in general education classrooms. Tier 2 – More deliberate, direct and explicit in how students are taught and how feedback is modeled and details provided. Tier 3 – Intensive instruction, including the introduction of a specialist with specific expertise to weigh in on the situation.

How is the response to intervention RTI model different from a more traditional model of assessment?

RTI uses a prevention and intervention model as opposed to the traditional model of identifying students, which most schools have used for years and has been criticized as a “wait to fail” model.

What are some issues with the discrepancy model and wait to fail methods?

The major concerns of this group are that IQ tests are a poor index of intelligence, that the IQ–discrepancy approach is a “wait-to-fail” model since students must perform poorly for years before achievement scores are sufficiently below their IQ scores, and that low achievement for many students is actually caused by ...

Why is the discrepancy formula no longer used to determine if someone has learning disability?

Discrepancy formulas fail to identify children with learning disabilities who show no discrepancy between achievement and intelligence test scores. Discrepancy formulas have never been empirically validated.

What is the difference between pattern of strengths and weaknesses and discrepancy model?

Rather than using a discrepancy model contrasting intellectual and achievement test results, assessment specialists now incorporate a variety of methods to identify specific learning disabili- ties, including response-to-intervention, cognitive processing approaches, and the determination of a pattern of strengths and ...

What are the disadvantages of the discrepancy model?

Cons: The discrepancy model can be rigid and inflexible, and may not accurately identify students who have learning difficulties that do not fit neatly into the model's criteria. The model relies heavily on standardized testing, which may not accurately capture a student's abilities or needs.

What is a drawback to using a discrepancy approach?

A drawback to using a discrepancy approach to identify children with learning disabilities is: test scores may not represent actual ability. A major reason why students with learning disabilities do poorly on memory tasks is: strategy use deficits.

What is the IQ range for SLD?

A Specific Learning Disorder will refer to all those whose difficulties satisfy the DSM - 5, and ICD-10 criteria - of significant and persistent academic underachievement that begin during school, including that of having a measured IQ of 70 and above.

What is the IQ of someone with a learning disability?

a) Learning disabilities are heterogeneous conditions, but are defined by 3 core criteria: lower intellectual ability (usually defined as an IQ of less than 70), significant impairment of social or adaptive functioning and onset in childhood. the DSM-IV term 'mental retardation' with 'intellectual disability'.

What are the tiers of intervention?

What are the two models of RTI?

The two most commonly used RTI approaches are problem solving and standard protocol. Although these two approaches are sometimes described as being very different from one another, they actually have several elements in common.