What is the discrepancy model in Washington state?

Currently, Washington State (and most, but not all states) uses a 'Test Score Discrepancy Model' to identify students with Specific Learning Disabilities. A student with a suspected academic delay would be administered a battery of tests, including an intelligence test and one or more academic achievement tests.

How does the discrepancy model work?

The discrepancy model assesses whether a substantial difference, or discrepancy, exists between a student's scores on an individualized test of general intelligence (that is, an IQ test such as WISC-IV) and his or her scores obtained for one or more areas of academic achievement (e.g., the Woodcock-Johnson Achievement ...

What is the discrepancy model of diagnosis?

At a glance. The discrepancy model is what some schools use to determine whether kids are eligible for special education services. The term “discrepancy” refers to a mismatch between a child's intellectual ability and their progress in school.

Which states forbid the discrepancy model?

The federal regulation requiring a severe discrepancy between intellectual ability and achievement appears in the SLD classifica- tion criteria for 48 of the 50 states. Only two states do not have the discrepancy requirement in their state rules (IA and LA).

What is the difference between PSW and discrepancy model?

A pattern of strengths and weaknesses (PSW) is one approach for determining specific learning disabilities (SLD). As opposed to the old-school discrepancy model, which tells clinicians if a student is performing more poorly than expected, PSW seeks to determine why a student is performing more poorly.

Jim Crawford: Comparison of the RTI and Discrepancy Model Approaches

What does the discrepancy model focus on the difference between?

The second method, the Discrepancy model, uses tests to determine if a significant discrepancy or difference exists between an intelligence (IQ) test and academic tests and performance (Marchant, n.d.).

How does the discrepancy model determines whether or not a child should receive special education services based on what?

The discrepancy model is an approach used in special education to determine whether a student has a specific learning disability (SLD). This model compares a student's cognitive ability or IQ to their academic achievement in specific areas such as reading, writing, or math.

What are the advantages of the discrepancy model?

Objective and Easy to Understand. The discrepancy model may have limitations, however, it has an advantage over alternative methods in that it is relatively simple. Also, it is an objective measurement and therefore can be applied evenly by many educators across even more students.

What is a drawback to using a discrepancy approach?

A drawback to using a discrepancy approach to identify children with learning disabilities is: test scores may not represent actual ability. A major reason why students with learning disabilities do poorly on memory tasks is: strategy use deficits.

Why is the discrepancy formula no longer used to determine if someone has learning disability?

Discrepancy formulas fail to identify children with learning disabilities who show no discrepancy between achievement and intelligence test scores. Discrepancy formulas have never been empirically validated.

How many points is the discrepancy model?

If there is between a 20-22 point difference (1.5 standard deviation), this is a strong indication that the student has a learning disability. The discrepancy must be corroborated by other evaluation information, such as from other tests, scales, instruments, observations, and work samples. [5 C.C.R. Sec.

What IQ is considered a learning disability?

a) Learning disabilities are heterogeneous conditions, but are defined by 3 core criteria: lower intellectual ability (usually defined as an IQ of less than 70), significant impairment of social or adaptive functioning and onset in childhood. the DSM-IV term 'mental retardation' with 'intellectual disability'.

What is the rationale for replacing the discrepancy model with RTI?

RTI or 'Response To Intervention' is a new approach to the identification of a learning disability which is intended to alleviate the problems associated with the discrepancy model. With RTI, there is no need to formally evaluate cognitive abilities or academic achievement.

What is the IQ range for SLD?

A Specific Learning Disorder will refer to all those whose difficulties satisfy the DSM - 5, and ICD-10 criteria - of significant and persistent academic underachievement that begin during school, including that of having a measured IQ of 70 and above.

What is the loneliness discrepancy model?

The cognitive discrepancy model of loneliness postulates that people experience loneliness when they perceive a discrepancy between their actual and desired levels of interpersonal contact. In contrast, a social needs model proposes that loneliness arises from actual deficits in social contact.

Does NJ use the discrepancy model?

Although New Jersey state regulations allow for both the Severe Discrepancy model and Failure to Respond to Intervention as permissible in SLD identification, most school districts employ the Severe Discrepancy model, with wide variability regarding criteria and questionable fidelity and integrity.

Which of the following is an example of a discrepancy definition?

A discrepancy is a lack of agreement or balance. If there is a discrepancy between the money you earned and the number on your paycheck, you should complain to your boss.

What is the dual discrepancy model?

The Dual Discrepancy/Consistency (DD/C) pattern of strengths and weaknesses (PSW) method is the most prominent "other alternative research-based procedure" used to identify a specific learning disability (SLD).

What is considered a severe discrepancy?

(a) A severe discrepancy is defined as a 50 percent or higher probability of a two standard deviation discrepancy between general cognitive ability and achievement in one or more of the areas identified in ARM 10.16.

What are some issues with the discrepancy model and wait to fail methods?

The major concerns of this group are that IQ tests are a poor index of intelligence, that the IQ–discrepancy approach is a “wait-to-fail” model since students must perform poorly for years before achievement scores are sufficiently below their IQ scores, and that low achievement for many students is actually caused by ...

What is discrepancy theory models of satisfaction?

Because discrepancy theory suggests that individual satisfaction is determined by the gap between actual rewards or performance and the individual's goals or expectations, the higher initial expectations would later be less satisfied, and there would be a greater expectation–performance gap for entrepreneurs [24,37].

What is the discrepancy model for identifying dyslexia?

The revised discrepancy method described in this study can be used by researchers to identify students in their studies who have dyslexia and that most researchers might agree are prototypical examples of dyslexia (i.e., low reading ability, higher cognitive ability, and a difference of more than 1.0 standard deviation ...

What is the discrepancy model of dyslexia?

The method for diagnosing dyslexia, known as the discrepancy model, was relatively straightforward: test a child's IQ and their reading age, and if there was a discrepancy between the two – average-to-high IQ, low literacy – that child was dyslexic.

What does the achievement discrepancy found in students with a learning disability refer to?

The achievement discrepancy found in students with a learning disability refers to a difference in performance in a student who is learning disabled and his or her normally functioning age-mates. 16.