What is the discrepancy model of learning disability?

The discrepancy model is a way to capture and compare a student's scores on different types of tests. It compares assessments of a child's intellectual ability ( IQ ) with how much progress they're making in school (academic achievement).

What is the discrepancy model theory?

The discrepancy model assesses whether a substantial difference, or discrepancy, exists between a student's scores on an individualized test of general intelligence (that is, an IQ test such as WISC-IV) and his or her scores obtained for one or more areas of academic achievement (e.g., the Woodcock-Johnson Achievement ...

What is the main difference between the RTI model and the discrepancy model?

The Discrepancy Model does not allow for effectiveness regarding early intervention while Page 3 RTI vs. Discrepancy Model 3 RTI can be applied to students of all ages, The Discrepancy Model does not take into account for standard error of measurement (SEM). RTI requires school staff to be proactive.

What is considered a severe discrepancy SLD?

(a) A severe discrepancy is defined as a 50 percent or higher probability of a two standard deviation discrepancy between general cognitive ability and achievement in one or more of the areas identified in ARM 10.16.

What is the traditional discrepancy approach?

The discrepancy model: Through the traditional discrepancy model, a learning disability has been determined primarily through a combination of cognitive (intellectual) and academic (achievement) testing.

Jim Crawford: Comparison of the RTI and Discrepancy Model Approaches

What is an example of a discrepancy model?

The expectation would be for them to be reading at a typical fifth-grade level. But say your child's scores show that they're actually reading at a second-grade level. In that case, there's a discrepancy between what the IQ test said your child is capable of (ability) and their actual reading level (achievement).

Which states do not use the discrepancy model?

The federal regulation requiring a severe discrepancy between intellectual ability and achievement appears in the SLD classifica- tion criteria for 48 of the 50 states. Only two states do not have the discrepancy requirement in their state rules (IA and LA).

What is the IQ range for SLD?

A Specific Learning Disorder will refer to all those whose difficulties satisfy the DSM - 5, and ICD-10 criteria - of significant and persistent academic underachievement that begin during school, including that of having a measured IQ of 70 and above.

What IQ is considered a learning disability?

a) Learning disabilities are heterogeneous conditions, but are defined by 3 core criteria: lower intellectual ability (usually defined as an IQ of less than 70), significant impairment of social or adaptive functioning and onset in childhood. the DSM-IV term 'mental retardation' with 'intellectual disability'.

What is the most common SLD?

Commonly recognized specific learning disabilities include: Reading disability (dyslexia) - is the most common LD, representing at least 80% of all LDs, and results from deficits in phonologic processing.

What is considered a severe discrepancy?

Typically, a good rule of thumb is to use a -1.5 standard deviation as your definition of severe. A student scoring within the first or second standard deviation above average in IQ (i.e. 118) and achieving low to below average in academic areas (standard score of 84) would be considered to have a severe discrepancy.

Why is the discrepancy formula no longer used to determine if someone has learning disability?

Discrepancy formulas fail to identify children with learning disabilities who show no discrepancy between achievement and intelligence test scores. Discrepancy formulas have never been empirically validated.

What is the severe discrepancy method?

The Severe Discrepancy model allows educators to determine if a student's inadequate progress is commensurate with his or her cognition and whether the student is working to his or her potential.

What is the benefit of the discrepancy model?

The discrepancy model lets educators determine whether a child requires special-education services. It basically measures how far a particular child has fallen behind his peers. Schools generally set their own criteria for how far a child must fall behind before special-education services are recommended.

What is the discrepancy model of a needs assessment?

Three models of needs assessment are described along with examples of each. The discrepancy model evaluates gaps between expectations of experts and the outcomes of the target population. The marketing model evaluates the fit between the consumer's desires and the ability of agencies to deliver services.

What is discrepancy theory simple?

Discrepancy theory can be described as the study of inevitable irregularities of distributions, in measure-theoretic and combinatorial settings. Just as Ramsey theory elucidates the impossibility of total disorder, discrepancy theory studies the deviations from total uniformity.

Can you be smart but have a learning disability?

Learning disabilities constitute an invisible handicap which affects 2 to 3% of all adolescents. Those who have very high intelligence may be able to hide the handicap until academic challenges become sufficiently difficult or complex to unmask them.

Is ADHD considered a learning disability?

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not a learning disability; however, it does make learning difficult. For example, it is hard to learn when you struggle to focus on what your teacher is saying or when you can't seem to be able to sit down and pay attention to a book. You can have both.

Who is highly intelligent with learning disabilities?

That's what happened to several famous people with learning disabilities, including Alexander Graham Bell, Albert Einstein, Bill Gates, Thomas Edison and Louis Pasteur. Alexander Graham Bell most likely had dyslexia, and he went on to invent the first practical telephone. His learning disability didn't stop him.

Is a learning disability autism?

Autism is not a learning disability, but around half of autistic people may also have a learning disability.

Does low IQ qualify for special education?

Children who score two standard deviations above the mean (roughly 2.5% of children) have exceptionally high IQ scores. Children who score two standard deviations below the mean (roughly 2.5% of children) have exceptionally low IQ scores. Both groups of children are eligible for specialized educational services.

Do children with learning disabilities have normal IQ?

Diagnosing learning-disabled children is a complicated process, explained psychologist Randy Kamphaus, PhD, of the University of Georgia. That's because learning-disabled children often show normal or above average intelligence on IQ tests, but fail to achieve academically.

What are the two options for identifying students with learning disabilities?

Two options for identifying students with learning disabilities are RTI and the IQ- Achievement Discrepancy Model. RTI is an early intervention approach that provides help for struggling learners with academic and behavioral issues.

What is a drawback to using a discrepancy approach to identifying children with learning disabilities?

What is a drawback to using a discrepancy approach to identifying children with learning disabilities? Test scores don't represent actual performance.

What is the dual discrepancy model?

The Dual Discrepancy/Consistency (DD/C) pattern of strengths and weaknesses (PSW) method is the most prominent "other alternative research-based procedure" used to identify a specific learning disability (SLD).