What is the opposite of race to the bottom?

A growing literature documents the existence of strategic political reactions to public expenditure between rival jurisdictions. These interactions can potentially create a downward expenditure spiral (“race to the bottom”) or a rising expenditure spiral (“race to the top”).

What is the race to the bottom negative?

A race to the bottom occurs whenever competition becomes so endemic that it leads to negative consequences and externalities. For instance, businesses may cut corners and sacrifice quality in order to maintain low prices and keep market share.

What is the race to the bottom line?

The "race to the bottom" implies that the states compete with each other as each tries to underbid the others in lowering taxes, spending, regulation...so as to make itself more attractive to outside financial interests or unattractive to unwanted outsiders.

What is the race to the bottom situation?

Meaning of race to the bottom in English. a situation in which companies compete with each other to reduce costs by paying the lowest wages or giving workers the worst conditions: They wanted to stop a "race to the bottom" of auto companies outsourcing work to non-union workers and moving operations overseas.

What is the quote about the race to the bottom?

In 2002, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz claimed that “globalization has become a race to the bottom, where corporations are the only winners and the rest of society, in both the developed and developing worlds, is the loser.”

A Race to the Bottom in Science

What is race to the top in education?

Race to the Top (R2T, RTTT or RTT) was a $4.35 billion United States Department of Education competitive grant created to spur and reward innovation and reforms in state and local district K–12 education.

What is a famous quote about running a race?

"Run when you can, walk if you have to, crawl if you must; just never give up." "Every race is a question, and I never know until the last yards what the answer will be. That's the lure of racing." "It's amazing how the same pace in practice can feel so much harder than on race day.

Which is an example of an outcome of race to the bottom dynamics?

Worker safety suffers as regulations are reduced. This is an example of an outcome of race-to-the-bottom dynamics, which is a disadvantage of federalism.

What is the concept of the five races?

(A) The old concept of the “five races:” African, Asian, European, Native American, and Oceanian. According to this view, variation between the races is large, and thus, the each race is a separate category. Additionally, individual races are thought to have a relatively uniform genetic identity.

How do you use race to the bottom in a sentence?

Examples of race to the bottom

Not everyone wants to race to the bottom anymore. It can be a race to the bottom in terms of what's offered. We're on a race to the bottom, which is unacceptable for a nation that believes itself to be a world leader.

What is a person's bottom line?

: the essential or salient point : crux. b. : the primary or most important consideration.

What does my bottom line mean?

the final result or the most important consideration of a situation, activity, or discussion: The bottom line is that they lost the game.

What does go straight to the bottom line mean?

The bottom line in a decision or situation is the most important factor that you have to consider. The bottom line is that it's not profitable. The bottom line is that it did not get the best out of everybody.

What is the race to the bottom Quora?

A race to the bottom represents an unbalanced economic condition where there is a surplus of labor relative to work. When the amount of work is less than the available workers, each worker will reduce their wages willing until they approach the poverty level or less.

What is the race to the bottom quizlet?

The race to the bottom is a socio-economic phenomenon in which governments deregulate the business environment or taxes in order to attract or retain economic activity in their jurisdictions, resulting in lower wages, worse working conditions and fewer environmental protections.

What are the 5 white races?

"Primary Caucasoid Races": Alpine race, Armenoid race, Mediterranean race, and Nordic race. "Secondary or Derived Caucasoid Races": Dinaric race, East Baltic race, and Polynesian race.

What are the 7 different races?

What are the 4 real races?

The world population can be divided into 4 major races, namely white/Caucasian, Mongoloid/Asian, Negroid/Black, and Australoid. This is based on a racial classification made by Carleton S. Coon in 1962.

What are the cons of federalism?

Federalism also comes with drawbacks. Chief among them are economic disparities across states, race-to-the-bottom dynamics (i.e., states compete to attract business by lowering taxes and regulations), and the difficulty of taking action on issues of national importance.

What is an example of three types of races?

Using gene frequency data for 62 protein loci and 23 blood group loci, we studied the genetic relationship of the three major races of man, Caucasoid, Negroid, and Mongoloid.

What is a famous female running quote?

“Rather than focusing on the obstacle in your path, focus on the bridge over the obstacle.” – Mary Lou Retton. “I don't run away from a challenge because I am afraid. Instead, I run toward it because the only way to escape fear is to trample it beneath your feet.” – Nadia Comăneci.

What was Usain Bolt's quote?

If I get to be a legend, I've achieved my goal. People always say I'm a legend, but I'm not. Not until I've defended my Olympic titles. That's when I've decided I'll be a legend.

What is a powerful quote about running?

“If you can't fly then run, if you can't run then walk, if you can't walk then crawl, but whatever you do you have to keep moving forward.” — Martin Luther King, Jr.

What was Obama's race to the top?