What two changes were forced on children at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School?

The Carlisle Indian Industrial School opened in 1879 and operated for nearly 30 years with a mission to “kill the Indian” to “save the Man.” This philosophy meant administrators forced students to speak English, wear Anglo-American clothing, and act according to U.S. values and culture.

In what ways did the Carlisle Indian Industrial School change indigenous children?

The children were forced to cut their hair and give up their traditional clothing. They had to give up their meaningful Native names and take English ones. They were not only taught to speak English but were punished for speaking their own languages.

What happened to the children at the Carlisle Indian boarding school?

More than 150 children lie in the Carlisle Barracks Post Cemetery; many of them were students at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, which closed in 1918. Many of the children died from diseases like tuberculosis. The one thing they had in common is they never returned home.

What were the effects of the Carlisle Indian School?

Students lost their language, their cultural traditions, and their connection to their tribes and families. Parents lost children. Tribes lost members of their community and tribal traditions. We know that trauma has a long-lasting impact, and Native people have been living that reality for generations.

What were the rules for the Carlisle Indian School?

In his own words, Pratt's motto was, "Kill the Indian, save the man." The US applied this principle to the cultural assimilation efforts of the larger American Indian boarding school system, by requiring children to speak only English, practice Christianity, take on new names and wear European-American style clothing.

Schools tried to forcibly assimilate Indigenous kids. Can the U.S. make amends?

How were the children at the Carlisle School treated?

At Carlisle, boys had their hair cut short and were forced to wear military style uniforms. Girls were made to wear loose fitting plain dresses. Pratt's goal was to help "better" minorities. "Kill the Indian Save the Man" - Lieutenant Richard Henry Pratt.

Why was the Carlisle School bad?

Some never made it back home. The purpose of Carlisle, as well as other boarding schools across the nation, was to remove Native Americans from their cultures and lifestyles and assimilate them into the white man's society.

Was the Carlisle Indian School good or bad?

Historian Cary Collins explores the conditions of the Carlisle Indian School and other Native American Boarding schools in her book “The Broken Crucible of Assimilation.” Collins argues that the poor conditions of these boarding schools, the lack of school funding, and the understaffing of these schools, and the ...

What were some effects of Indian schools?

Tens of thousands of Native American children were removed from their communities and forced to attend boarding schools where they were compelled to change their names, they were starved and whipped, and made to do manual labor between 1819 and 1969, an investigation by the U.S. Department of Interior found.

Was the Carlisle School effective?

By some measures the Carlisle school was a success. During the school's 39-year history more than 10,000 students attended. Every student took music classes and received private instruction, and the school band performed in every presidential inaugural parade during the life of the school.

How many children died at Carlisle Indian Industrial School?

More than 180 Native children died at Carlisle, often from a combination of malnourishment, sustained abuse and disease brought on by poor living conditions.

How did the Carlisle school end?

The Carlisle Indian School was officially transferred to the Department of War on September 1, 1918, for use as U.S. Army Base Hospital #31. The entire closure process occurred between July 9 and September 1, 1918, during which time the majority of the included documents were created.

Is Carlisle Indian School still open?

In 1918, Carlisle Indian Industrial closed for good, but when the school closed, the institutions it spawned and the desire to obliterate Native cultures did not die with it.

What is a Native American child called?

Papoose (from the Algonquian papoose, meaning "child") is an American English word whose present meaning is "a Native American child" (regardless of tribe) or, even more generally, any child, usually used as a term of endearment, often in the context of the child's mother.

Why was the Carlisle Indian School shut down?

In 1918, Carlisle boarding school was closed because Pratt's method of assimilating American Indian students through off-reservation boarding schools was perceived as outdated. That same year Congress passed new Indian education legislation, the Act of May 25, 1918.

Were Native Americans forced to learn English?

From the late 1800s through the 1960s, the Bureau of Indian Affairs forced tens of thousands of Native Americans into English-only government boarding schools. Taken hundreds of miles from the reservations, the children were often beaten for speaking native languages and sent home ashamed of them.

What would happen if Native American parents refused to send their children to boarding schools?

Parents who refused to send their children to the schools could be legally imprisoned and deprived of resources such as food and clothing which were scarce on reservations. Three of the 25 Indian boarding schools run by the U.S. government were in California.

What is Indian Ghost Dance?

A late-nineteenth-century American Indian spiritual movement, the ghost dance began in Nevada in 1889 when a Paiute named Wovoka (also known as Jack Wilson) prophesied the extinction of white people and the return of the old-time life and superiority of the Indians.

Why were the reasons behind the high numbers of children dying at the Carlisle boarding schools?

About 200 children died at the school. According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, “… many of the first Carlisle students became ill from diseases, such as tuberculosis, and died in the school's opening years. “

How many kids graduated from Carlisle Indian School?

More than 10,500 students from 140 tribes attended the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 39 years it operated. Of these only 158 ultimately received degrees through the program.

Which was the harshest punishment at the Carlisle School?

Students were forced to cut their hair, change their names, stop speaking their Native languages, convert to Christianity, and endure harsh discipline including corporal punishment and solitary confinement.

What did they eat in Indian boarding schools?

The diet ingrained through Indian Boarding Schools effectively assimilated certain taste preferences for generations, including the consumption of lard, fried meats and bread, starchy root vegetables, and beans.

What happened to 186 children although thousands of students attended Carlisle?

While the refrain framed the mission of these schools, many children died due to neglect, disease, loneliness and even freezing to death after attempts to run away. A cemetery near what is now the U.S. Army War College in Carlisle contains the graves of 186 children who died while attending the school.

How many Indian children were taken from their parents?

An estimated 25% to 35% of Native American children were removed from their families prior to the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978. The Indian Child Welfare Act protects Indian children by prioritizing placement with extended families, within the tribe or with an Indian family.

What is the dress code for Carlisle Indian school?

Khaki dress slacks - plain or pleated front (No cargo pants, carpenter pants, or blue jeans.) Navy Carlisle logo polo shirt ● Dress shoes (no sneakers) ● Dark (crew length) socks ● If pants have belt loops, a belt must be worn.