Which of the following would be important information to provide to families on nutrition during pregnancy?

You need more folic acid, iron, calcium, and vitamin D than you did before pregnancy: Folic acid is a B vitamin that may help prevent certain birth defects. Before pregnancy, you need 400 mcg (micrograms) per day. During pregnancy and when breastfeeding, you need 600 mcg per day from foods or vitamins.

Which of the following statements is true about dietary supplements during pregnancy?

Explanation: During pregnancy, it is important to be cautious about dietary supplements as some can be harmful to the developing fetus. Out of the given options, the statement that is true is: Research evidence supports routine supplementation with iron and folic acid.

Which minerals and vitamins usually are recommended to supplement a pregnant woman's diet quizlet?

Which minerals and vitamins are usually recommended to supplement a pregnant woman's diet? Iron generally should be supplemented, and folic acid supplements often are needed because folate is so important.

How does a mothers anxiety stress depression and experience of domestic violence affect the baby?

Low birth weight and preterm birth

The effects of IPV extend to the consequent health of the neonate. A sizeable body of research supports the role of IPV in low birth weight and increased rates of preterm birth (PTB). LBW and PTB are well established leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality.

What is the period of pregnancy when the fetus is carried in the uterus called?

Gestation is the period of time between conception and birth when a baby grows and develops inside the mother's womb. Because it's impossible to know exactly when conception occurs, gestational age is measured from the first day of the mother's last menstrual cycle to the current date.

Nutrition During Pregnancy

How does baby get nutrients in first trimester?

In these early weeks, the embryo attaches to a tiny yolk sac. This sac provides nourishment to the embryo. A few weeks later, the placenta forms in full and takes over the transfer of nutrients to the embryo. Cells from the placenta grow deep into the wall of the womb.

Why is the uterus essential to a healthy pregnancy and childbirth?

Functions of the uterus include nurturing the fertilized ovum that develops into the fetus and holding it till the baby is mature enough for birth. The ferlized ovum gets implanted into the endometrium and derives nourishment from blood vessels which develop exclusively for this purpose.

What are the effects of maternal stress during pregnancy is most devastating?

High levels of stress that continue for a long time may cause health problems, like high blood pressure and heart disease. During pregnancy, stress can increase the chances of having a baby who is preterm (born before 37 weeks of pregnancy) or a low-birthweight baby (weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces).

What happens when a mother is stressed during pregnancy?

Too much stress can cause you to have trouble sleeping, headaches, loss of appetite, or a tendency to overeat—all of which can be harmful to you and your developing baby. High levels of stress can also cause high blood pressure, which increases your chance of having preterm labor or a low-birth-weight infant.

How can children including unborn be affected by their parent's mental health problems?

Stress chemicals produced by women suffering from depression or anxiety can affect their unborn child's development. Anxiety and depression during pregnancy can also increase the risk of postnatal depression, making it harder for parents to provide warm and responsive care after the baby is born.

What should a pregnant woman experiencing nausea and vomiting do?

Vitamin B6 is a safe, over-the-counter treatment that may be tried first for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Doxylamine, a medication found in over-the-counter sleep aids, can be added if vitamin B6 alone does not relieve symptoms. A prescription drug that combines vitamin B6 and doxylamine is available.

What causes physiologic anemia in pregnancy?

Physiologic anemia occurs in pregnancy because plasma volume increases more quickly than red cell mass. Anemia is most commonly classified as microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic. Iron deficiency anemia accounts for 75% of all anemias in pregnancy.

When should I stop taking folic acid?

It is recommended to take folic acid while you're trying for a baby (ideally for 3 months before) and during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.

What happens if you accidentally take vitamin A while pregnant?

The main adverse effects associated with excessive vitamin A intake, particularly at the beginning of the first quarter of pregnancy, are congenital malformations involving the central nervous and cardiovascular systems and spontaneous abortion [12,13].

Which of the following minerals may be low in the diets of adolescent girls?

In particular, adolescent girls are at a heightened risk of iron deficiency due to inadequate intake of dietary iron, especially heme iron; increased demands of growth; and iron loss that occurs with menstruation.

Which of the following is true of the relationship between maternal stress during pregnancy and outcomes for the baby?

Prenatal stress can indirectly affect infant health and development by increasing the risk of the occurrence of adverse birth outcomes which are, in turn, associated with substantial developmental and health consequences.

What are examples of stressors during the prenatal stage?

Prenatal stress is harmful to both mother and baby, negatively impacting fetal development and overall health. Common stressors during pregnancy are partner abuse, financial strain, lack of social support, improper nutrition, natural disasters, among other trauma factors.

What is the role of cortisol in pregnancy?

The glucocorticoids, cortisol and corticosterone, have a unique function in the fetus in inducing a wide range of enzymes before birth that have little or no function during fetal life but on which survival after birth is dependent.

Does shouting during pregnancy affect the baby?

Increased noise levels can cause stress. This can cause changes in a the body that can affect your developing baby. Sound can travel through your body and reach your baby. Very loud noises may be able to damage your baby's hearing.

Does arguing while pregnant affect baby?

Most recently, some studies are suggesting that stress in the womb can affect a baby's temperament and neurobehavioral development. Infants whose mothers experienced high levels of stress while pregnant, particularly in the first trimester, show signs of more depression and irritability.

Can babies feel anxiety in womb?

There is growing evidence that even milder forms of maternal stress or anxiety during pregnancy affect the fetus causing possible long-term consequences for infant and child development. The mechanisms through which prenatal maternal stress may affect the unborn are not yet entirely clarified.

Can you feel your uterus through your stomach?

By the 20th week of pregnancy, your uterus can be felt at the level of your belly button (umbilicus). The pelvic colon and small intestines are crowded upward and backward.

How big is a 4 month pregnant uterus?

The Second Trimester: The uterus is the size of a papaya and starts to grow upwards into the abdominal cavity. This can cause some discomfort since the organs are displaced from their usual position. Many people start noticing a pregnancy bump during the second trimester as the uterus expands.